Starting Your Business By The Book

I've gotten several questions recently about the legalities of starting a business. So, this week I thought I would address a few of the more common legal issues most new businesses face. But first, let's get the mandatory legal disclaimer out of the way: the advice dispensed by this columnist is probably no better or worse than the advice dispensed by other columnists. Do not take the following advice as gospel or bet the future of your business on any advice given herein by said columnist.

Agreed? Good, let's proceed.

To begin, here's the best legal advice I can give you as a new business person: find yourself a good lawyer and make him or her your very best friend. Granted, your new best friend will charge you an hourly fee for chatting on the phone or talking business over lunch, but you'll find it to be money well spent. A good attorney can save you far more than the cost of his services. I rarely make any decision that has the potential to impact my business without first consulting my attorney.

You can locate an attorney through legal referral services or just by opening the phone book, but the best way to find a really good attorney is to ask other business owners for references.

You want an attorney who specializes in business matters. A few of the things you may need legal help with are: legal business formation, articles of incorporation, trademarks and copyrights, investment documents, employee policies, etc. You may find that a single attorney can't meet all your needs, but if you use a larger firm they will have attorneys on staff that can provide the specialized services you require.

Now, let's take a brief look at a few questions I've received regarding the legalities of starting a new business.

What's a DBA? "DBA" stands for "doing business as." A DBA is another name that you use in the operation of your business other than the legal name. For example, "Jones, Inc." might be the legal corporate name of your business, but you might use "Bob Jones Landscaping" as the everyday business name. In this case, you would see the business described in legal context as "Jones, Inc. Doing Business As Bob Jones Landscaping."

Here's an example of using a DBA to launch a new venture within an existing business. A reader asked: "My wife incorporated a multimedia business three years ago, and I am starting a voice-over business. Is it more beneficial for me to open as a sole proprietorship or to operate within her multimedia business?"

My answer was that he should open his company as a division of his wife's business, operating as a DBA. Even though he is using his own business name (the DBA), technically his wife's corporation is launching the service and therefore will give him some liability protection. Doing so would also help him save on start-up costs (such as having to pay for a separate incorporation). It's relatively simple to keep a separate set of books, and when the new business takes off, he can spin it off into a separate entity.

Will a corporation protect me from liability? It can, if handled correctly. You may have heard about the "corporate veil," which means that you can't be sued personally for anything that happens in the corporation and your personal assets can't be attacked by creditors or a lawsuit on the corporation. But in order to have this protection, you must act like a corporation. This means conducting board meetings, taking notes and publishing minutes in your corporate book.

In addition, be sure to have a separate corporate checking account and, if you need them, corporate credit cards. Don't use corporate money for personal purchases, and vice versa (unless you file an expense report). Many people think they don't need to go to all this trouble if there is just one or two people in the company, but in order to be treated like a corporation, you must act like one. Your attorney can give you more details.

How do I register my company name? To register your company name simply contact the office of the Secretary of State. This is easily done by phone. The registrar will tell you if the name you have in mind is available as a corporate name and will reserve the name for you if it is available. You will be sent a form to complete and submit with a nominal fee. For more information you can also visit the Secretary of State's website.

Do I need a business license? Nearly every business will require a county or city license. Luckily, such licenses are relatively easy to obtain and are not expensive. For local licensing requirements, contact your city or county government offices.

Some businesses might also require a state license. For example, hair stylists, contractors and most businesses serving food fall under the purview of the state licensing board. Each state has an agency that deals with these types of businesses. Contact your local government offices to see if your particular business requires a state license.

Some businesses will even require federal licensing. Examples of such businesses would be those that provide investment advice or that deal with firearms. Federal licensing is typically required for businesses that are highly regulated by the government.

I operate my business out of my home. Do I still need a license? Operating a business out of your home does not get you off the hook when it comes to licensing. You should check local zoning requirements and property covenants. You can find this information at the court house or by calling your local license department. Home businesses are also subject to zoning laws that regulate how property can be used and may restrict various activities.

This is just a sampling of the legal issues that must be addressed by every new business owner. To learn more, take your favorite lawyer to lunch.

Just be prepared to pick up the tab.

Here's to your success.

Tim Knox tim@dropshipwholesale.net


And here is another random article you might be interested in...

How Your Business Can Pick A Software Developer

Eventually, your business is going to need to have some software development. Your business is unique - you can't rely on a huge, faceless corporation to handle your unique needs with a shrinkwrapped, mass produced, production-line solution. You need custom software, and to get it, you'll need to pick an outside software developer. A hired gun.

It's hard - after all, most businesspeople aren't technical people. You want a Clint Eastwood - tall, confident, and ready to solve your problems with cold steel - but you usually get a technoloser - short, geeky, sniveling wimp with no backbone and no ability to get anything done.

Unfortunately, I've heard stories about selecting developers from all sorts of people. Bad stories. I can't even begin to count how many people have wound up with large bills and more problems then when they started. Fortunately, I've developed four dynamite questions you need to ask when you're choosing a developer.

1: Does your developer solve problems, or just write code?

A professional software developer isn't in the business of writing code; rather, he's in the business of solving problems, and code just happens to be one of the way that he (or she) does it. On the other hand, many developers will want you to spell out exactly what kind of program you want him to write. He doesn't solve problems; he just writes code the way he's told, and hopes it will fix the problem at hand. With a real software developer, you wind up with a solution that leaves everyone happy.

The market is full of contract programmers masquerading as software developers. Be careful.

2: Are they trying to give a solution before they know the problem?

Some developers will offer to send you a proposal after a ten or twenty minute phone conversation. It is impossible to accurately assess your situation that quickly; they are trying to provide you with a 'one-size-fits-all' package. Real software developers will not provide you with answers, proposals, or fees until they know enough about your business to have an informed opinion. Unless your developer is willing to spend enough time to really know what your problem is, you won't end up with the solution that you really need, because your developer is making random shots in the dark.

3: Are they in love with a particular technology?

Software developers can fall in love with their favorite technology; it's not uncommon to see developers who only develops with Microsoft or Sun technology, for example. A professional software developer, though, focuses on benefiting his client, using whatever technology is necessary. You want to hire someone that will use the technology that's best suited to your business, whatever it may be. You shouldn't have to pick a developer based on what technology he's familar with; he should be able to take care of almost any technological problem, either by doing the work himself or outsourcing to someone in his network of contacts.

4: Are they charging by project?

Amateur software developers tend to charge for their time, not by the value of the work they perform; so do contract programmers. Real software developers, though, charge based on value provided to you - by project - NOT based on time. This is because amateurs are afraid that they won't be able to complete the project in a reasonable amount of time, so they want reassurance that they'll be paid for their time in any situation. Experienced software developers, though, are confident in their ability to deliver code under their estimate, they are confident in their ability to provide value, and they that they can provide value that's worth MORE than their time is. You shouldn't be making an investment decision every time you consider calling your software developer.

That's it. Ask these questions studiously, and you'll get a programming dynamo. He'll be able to handle the tough questions and give you the tough answers, and you'll get bulletproof software.

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About David Berube

David Berube is a software developer and IT consultant solving business problems. He's also a prolific writer and speaker. If you'd like a powerful, innovative developer, check out http://www.berubeconsulting.com, or email him at djberube@berubeconsulting.com