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Home » Business And Finance Articles » Pensions Guide State Pensions

Pensions Guide: State Pensions

The most important financial decisions you're likely to make in your life are those concerning your retirement. To have a secure future with a comfortable standard of living after you've stopped working, you'll need to plan your finances carefully.

Pensions are becoming more and more important as people now live longer into their retirement. Lifestyles have also changed â€" people often take out mortgages later in life than they used to, meaning that they may still have a mortgage to repay when they stop working. And as people are experiencing better health and longer retirements, they want to have a reasonable disposable income in order to enjoy more leisure activities in their later years.

This is the first of two guides outlining the fundamentals of pensions.

It'll help you understand more about state pensions and how they are calculated. The second guide focuses on private pension schemes. These articles do not constitute financial advice and should only be used as an introductory informational guide to pensions. For advice on how to plan your finances for your future, seek professional advice from an independent financial advisor.

Definition

First, back to basics â€" what is a pension? It's a regular source of tax-free income for you to live on when you retire. As contributions towards your pension fund during your working life also receive tax relief, it's a more tax-efficient than other methods of saving.

The government department responsible for managing and administering state pensions and other pensions related benefits is The Pension Service, which is part of the Department of Work and Pensions.

State pension

The government provides a state pension, which can be claimed by men over the age of 65 and women over the age of 60 (although this will increase to 65 in line with the male pension age by 2020).

Not everyone qualifies for a state pension, and even those who do will receive different incomes depending on their working history.

Entitlement is calculated according to the number of national insurance contributions (NICs) you (or your partner/spouse) have paid, which are converted into 'qualifying years'. You'll need to have worked and paid contributions for around 90% of your adult working life in order to receive the full state pension. If you've been out of work for long periods in order to bring up a family or look after someone, you'll be compensated for missing NICs through 'Home Responsibilities Protection'. If you've been out of work for other reasons and have been claiming benefits such as jobseeker's allowance, or income support, the government will have paid your NICs on your behalf for the period(s) in which you claimed benefit. The minimum you need to get the basic state pension is 25% of the qualifying years. If you have anywhere between the minimum and maximum amount of qualifying years, the amount you receive in your state pension will be adjusted in relation to how many qualifying years you have, so the more you have, the better. Those who have less than 25% of qualifying years won't be able to claim any state pension at all, although there are other government pension benefits to assist those on low incomes in retirement, such as pension credits or the Over 80 pension.

Additional state pension schemes

In addition to the basic state pension, the government has a top-up scheme to enable people to increase the amount of pension income they receive.

SERPS (State Earnings-Related Pension Scheme)

Until April 2002, SERPS was the government's second pension scheme, which allowed anyone earning more than £75 per week to make additional NICs. The level of NICs paid was earnings-related. However, the government deemed SERPS unfair on people with low incomes and those with big gaps in their employment history, so it was crapped and replaced with the Second State Pension in 2002 with the aim of allowing everyone to save more for their retirement.

SERPS gave the option of 'contracting out', which could be done for one of two reasons: in order not to pay the additional NICs, or to put the additional NICs towards a private pension fund.

Second State Pension

People who were paying into SERPS will now be paying into the second state pension and may therefore receive their additional state pension from two different sources when they retire.

The Second State Pension is still linked to earnings. However, it's calculated in a way that provides better support to those on low incomes, or people who don't have constant work because of illness or disability. In these cases, the government tops up their credits to a flat rate of £12,100, so they will receive NICs as if they had earned an annual salary up to this amount.

As with SERPS, it's possible to 'contract out' of the Second State Pension, either to stop paying the additional NICs or to put them towards your own pension fund.

Finding out how much your state benefits are worth

To help you plan your savings towards your retirement, the government offers state pension forecasts to let you see how much you'll be likely to receive as retirement income. Visit the Government Pensions Service website for more information (http://www.thepensionservice.gov.uk).

And here is another random article you might be interested in...

"Penny Wise and Pound Foolish"

This saying came to mind when reading my Icop newsletter. JL was discussing things that Chuck and I talk about all the time. A couple of weeks ago while listening to Jim Edwards' audio newsletter he ranted about the "psycho freebie seekers" (love that name). Jim rants almost as well as Dennis Miller.

Anyway these two newsletters and what they had to say have been rolling around in my head for a couple of days now. What came to mind is that people who run Internet businesses from their home are no different than those who ran businesses out of their home in the 80's.....they don't want to pay for anything. You would think with all the failed businesses they've had it would dawn on them that it is because they have done no research, no business plan, no determination on whether or not there is a market for their business in their vicinity. They don't do mission statements. I could go on and on.

Unfortunately, too many people still think all they need is a computer, fax, and some business cards. In fact, they don't even give out the business cards, they leave those in their office in nice little card files. A lot of good that's doing them.

They will spend money on all the trappings but not on education, mentoring or consulting. As Chuck once said to me when I started my first business, and didn't do any marketing "You will be the most organized business in bankruptcy court". It was a wake up call.

As Jim and JL discussed, and Chuck and I run into every day, people want to pick our brains for information and answers. After all, they have been conditioned that IT'S FREE. They feel it is their right to do so.

The Internet especially has made people think that information is FREE. Yes, it is, but those of us who have niches, and have written books all put in a lot of time, effort, and energy in researching, writing and marketing our products. SO NO IT IS NOT FREE. We worked very hard to put together excellent products to the best of our ability and WE EXPECT TO GET PAID FOR THEM.

These individuals also have over inflated egos. "Who me, ask someone for help, and what pay for it. Oh, no I'm sure my way is the right way. People just don't appreciate my great product (service or fill in the blank). I'm just as good, if not better than he/she is."

It would never occur to them to pay someone to show them what is wrong. Or take a class, or purchase a book that might help. Nope, they say, it's not that, it must be something else. It's always some one else's' fault or some things' fault, never theirs.

Unfortunately, the impetus for this behavior was fostered starting back in the 80's when home based businesses were just starting to come into their own. Many of the magazines and publications of the 80's (and now the Internet) fostered the idea that ANYONE can run a home based business. Remember those magazines that had little kits for Word Processing businesses, basket making, medical records, etc. People bought them, followed them. Some did well, but others couldn't figure out why they didn't succeed.

They didn't succeed for several reasons. First, none of them did the basics, the grunt work. Checking first to ascertain whether or not this business was even a viable one in their area. If it was, checking out the competition, making up a business plan, a mission statement. Setting up goals for themselves for daily, weekly, monthly, short and long term. Setting up a publicity campaign, working with the different media, setting up a marketing plan, networking.

All of the things that those of us that have been in business did so that we can stay in business. We were not "penny wise and pound foolish! " We succeeded, through a great deal of hard work, effort and hard knocks that we plan to get compensated for. We are not going to give it away for "free".

Copyright 2003 DeFiore Enterprises