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Home » Business And Finance Articles » Get Your Credit Report Know Your Credit Options

Get Your Credit Report & Know Your Credit Options

Get Your Credit Report & Analysis

It is very important to get your credit report and analysis. Why is this important? For one thing, if you're thinking about buying a house or applying for credit for any other big purchase, you'll need a clean credit report, and it's always best to get your credit report and analysis before your lender does. This will give you an opportunity to clean up any discrepancies or errors, which are fairly common, and which can throw a monkey wrench in the works if not resolved.

Ideally, you should get your credit report and analysis once a year with each of the three credit bureaus:

• Bills can get them all â€" http://www.bills.com/creditreport

• Equifax â€" (800) 685-1111, http://www.equifax.com

• Trans Union â€" (800) 888-4213, http://www.transunion.com; and

• Experian (888) 397-3742, http://www.experian.com

You're entitled by law to get your credit report and analysis for free from each of these three credit bureaus once a year. You can get all three at once or spread them out over the year. If you get your credit report and analysis more frequently than that, each report will cost no more than around $10 and in some states considerably less.

If you've been turned down for credit in the last 60 days because of something a lender saw on your credit report, you can get your credit report and analysis free of charge. Lenders are required by law to notify you of this right if they deny you credit.

When you get your credit report and analysis, review them carefully to make sure all the loans and credit accounts listed really belong to you, and that all the accounts listed as open are actually current loans or balances. If a loan you've paid off or a credit card that was cancelled is still listed as open, contact the credit bureau and ask for your credit report to be corrected.

What Is the Range of Possible FICO Credit Scores and What Do They Mean?

FICO credit scores range between 300 and 850. Ratings are as follows:

~ Excellent: Over 750
~ Very Good: 720 or more
~ Acceptable: 660 to 720
~ Uncertain: 620 to 660
~ Risky: less than 620

How Is My FICO Credit Score Calculated?

The formula used to calculate your FICO credit score includes information based on several factors:

~ 35% on your payment history
~ 30% on the amount you currently owe lenders
~ 15% on the length of your credit history
~ 10% on the number of new credit accounts you've opened or applied for (fewer is better)
~ 10% on the mix of credit accounts you have (mortgages, credit cards, installment loans, etc.)

In general, when people talk about "your credit score," they're talking about your current FICO score. But in fact there are three different FICO scores developed by Fair Isaacâ€"one at each of the three main US credit reporting agencies. And these scores have different names.

WILL YOUR SCORES BE DIFFERENT?

FICO credit scores range from about 300 to 850. It's important to get your credit report and analysis so you can understand what your FICO score is. Fair Isaac makes the scores as consistent as possible between the three credit reporting agencies. If your information were exactly identical at all three credit reporting agencies, your scores from all three would be within a few points of each other. But here's why your FICO scores may in fact be different at the three credit reporting agencies. The way lenders and other businesses report information to the credit reporting agencies sometimes results in different information being in your credit report at the three agencies. The agencies may also report the same information in different ways. Even small differences in the information at the three credit reporting agencies can affect your scores. Since lenders may review your score and credit report from any of the three credit reporting agencies, it's a good idea to check your!
credit report from all three and make sure they're all right.

Usually when you get your credit report and analysis from the credit bureau it will include a form for reporting any inaccuracies. Give as much detail as possible, and if you have documents that back up your claim, provide copies. By law, the credit bureau must investigate your credit report claim, but even if they decide your credit report is accurate as it stands, you should continue to try to correct the report by writing a letter explaining your side of the story (not to exceed 100 words), which the bureau is required to provide to anyone requesting your credit report.

When deciding whether to approve credit, lenders take the following into consideration:

• Your payment history--do you pay bills on time?

• Have you had a bill referred to a collection agency?

• Have you ever declared bankruptcy?

• How much debt do you have outstanding compared to your credit limits? The closer your debt is to your credit limit, the less favorable.

• How long is your credit history? If you haven't had much of a credit history yet, prompt payments are even more important.

• Have you applied for more credit lately? Too many applications for credit has a negative impact on your chances for approval.

• How many credit accounts do you have? Too many is considered a negative.

Information is retained in your credit report for up to seven to ten years. When you get your credit report and analysis, if you have negative items in your history, you can gradually repair your credit by consistently paying your bills on time from now on, paying down your balances, and not taking on any new debt. Lenders will take your improved record into consideration when deciding whether to approve credit, especially if you've been paying on time for at least a year.

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How To Dissect Mutual Fund Returns

While total and compound annual returns are useful, savvy investors will look deeper, using a variety of metrics, to get a more complete picture on mutual fund performance.

On January 1, 2006, a leading financial daily reported the trailing 1-year and 5-year returns of Fidelity Contrafund (Nasdaq: FCNTX), a no-load mutual fund, as 16.23% and 6.21% respectively. While the financial daily's return information is useful, there is more to mutual fund returns.

Is the performance of the fund superior or inferior?

How tax-efficient is the fund in delivering these returns?

Are the returns of the fund commensurate with the risk the fund manager has taken to achieve them?

Savvy investors will seek answers to such questions when evaluating mutual fund returns. Before getting into the nitty-gritty of mutual fund returns, it is good to understand what the data reported in the financial daily really mean.

Total Return

Fidelity Contra's reported 16.23% 1-year return is the fund's total return for the December 31, 2004 to December 31, 2005 period. In practical terms, $10,000 invested in the fund on December 31, 2004 is worth $11,623 on December 31, 2005. The total return includes more than the increase (or decrease) in the fund's share price. It also assumes reinvestment of all dividends as well as short- and long-term capital gain distributions into the fund at the price at which each distribution is made.

Compound Annual Return

The reported 6.21% 5-year return is the fund's compound annual return (also called the average annual return). The compound annual return is a calculated number that describes the rate at which the investment has grown assuming uniform year-over-year growth during the 5-year period.

A $10,000 investment in the Contrafund on December 31, 2000 has grown to $13,515.34 on December 31, 2005. The ending value of $13,515.34 = $10,000[(1 + 0.0621)^5] where 6.21% is the compound annual return. The investment in the fund grew at an implied annual growth rate of 6.21% over the 5-year period.

While total return and compound annual return are useful, they do not tell how a particular mutual fund has performed compared to its peers. They also do not provide information on the return actually earned by investors after accounting for taxes. Finally, they do not offer insight on how well the fund manager has managed risk while achieving the returns.

Relative Return

Relative return compares the performance of a mutual fund against its peers. It is the difference between the total return of the fund and the total return of an appropriate benchmark over the same period.

Fidelity Contra is a large-cap growth fund that primarily invests in U.S.-based companies. It is therefore appropriate to compare its performance with that of an average large-cap growth fund. It is also relevant to benchmark the fund against the Standard & Poor's (S&P) 500 index, comprising of large U.S.-based companies.

While Fidelity Contra has a compound annual return of 6.21% for the 5-year period ending December 31, 2005, Morningstar reports the average large-cap growth fund has an average annual loss of 8.48% over the same period. The S&P 500 index has an average annual return of 0.54% over the same period. Fidelity Contra has outperformed with a relative return of 14.69% over the average large-cap growth fund and with a relative return of 5.67% over the S&P 500 index.

After-Tax Return

Unlike assets held in qualified accounts such as 401k plans or individual retirement accounts (IRA), assets held in regular individual or joint accounts are not tax-deferred. For such non-qualified accounts, after-tax return is the return realized after accounting for taxes.

Short-term capital gains and short-term capital gain distributions from a mutual fund are currently taxed at the same rate as earned income. Dividends, long-term capital gain distributions, and long-term capital gains realized from the sale of fund shares are currently taxed at a lower rate.

Fidelity states the compound annual return for Fidelity Contra before taxes is 6.21% for the 5-year period ending on December 31, 2005. When all distributions are taxed at the respective maximum possible federal income-tax rate, the after-tax return dips to 6.10%. The after-tax return drops further to 5.33% after accounting for the long-term capital gain tax due on sale of the fund shares.

Risk-Adjusted Return

Some fund managers take more risk than others. It is important to assess a fund's return in light of the amount of risk the fund manager takes to deliver that return.

Risk-Adjusted Return is commonly measured using the Sharpe Ratio. The ratio is calculated using the formula (mutual fund return - risk free return)/standard deviation of mutual fund return. The higher the Sharpe ratio, the better is the fund's return per unit risk.

Based on returns for the 3-year period ending on November 30, 2005, Morningstar reports Fidelity Contra's Sharpe ratio as 1.74. The fund's Sharpe Ratio may be compared with those of similar funds to determine how the fund's risk-adjusted return compares with those of its peers.

Beyond Mutual Funds

Return concepts such as relative return, after-tax return, and risk-adjusted return may also be used for evaluating separately-managed accounts, hedge funds, and investment newsletter model portfolios.

The AlphaProfit Sector Investors' Newsletter, for example, tracks the total return and compounded annual return of its Core and Focus model portfolios. To provide Subscribers with a more complete picture of model portfolio returns, this newsletter also tracks the relative and risk-adjusted returns of the model portfolios. The newsletter's model portfolios are constructed and repositioned with a view to maximizing after-tax returns.

Summary

While total return and compound annual return are useful, they do not provide a complete picture of a mutual fund's performance. Metrics such as relative return and after-tax return offer insights on the fund's relative performance and tax-efficiency. Risk-adjusted returns enable investors to assess how a fund's returns stack up when risk is factored in.

Notes: This report is for information purposes only. Nothing herein should be construed as an offer to buy or sell securities or to give individual investment advice. This report does not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation, and particular needs of any specific person who may receive this report. The information contained in this report is obtained from various sources believed to be accurate and is provided without warranties of any kind. AlphaProfit Investments, LLC does not represent that this information, including any third party information, is accurate or complete and it should not be relied upon as such. AlphaProfit Investments, LLC is not responsible for any errors or omissions herein. Opinions expressed herein reflect the opinion of AlphaProfit Investments, LLC and are subject to change without notice. AlphaProfit Investments, LLC disclaims any liability for any direct or incidental loss incurred by applying any of the information in this report. The third-party trademarks or service marks appearing within this report are the property of their respective owners. All other trademarks appearing herein are the property of AlphaProfit Investments, LLC. Owners and employees of AlphaProfit Investments, LLC for their own accounts invest in the Fidelity Mutual Funds included in the AlphaProfit Core and Focus model portfolios. AlphaProfit Investments, LLC neither is associated with nor receives any compensation from Fidelity Investments or other mutual fund companies mentioned in this report. Past performance is neither an indication of nor a guarantee for future results. No part of this document may be reproduced in any manner without written permission of AlphaProfit Investments, LLC. Copyright © 2006 AlphaProfit Investments, LLC. All rights reserved.